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shine india monthly magazine subscription Rights are precursors to Duties: Without basic dignity and fulfillment of rights, individuals can’t perform their duties. ○ E.g. Without fulfillment of the Right to education, duties of respecting others rights, social justice, gender equality etc. are difficult to expect. Different legal status: Justiciability is a key feature of rights. Rights can be enforced through writ of the court or remedy can be sought. But duties are non-enforceable. They only guide or aid to interpret constitutional and legal issues (AIIMS Students Union v. AIIMS, 1983). Provide a potential leeway to State from its responsibilities: Protection of Rule of law and human rights is a state responsibility for which it enjoys special powers under laws. E.g., non-fulfillment of duties cannot be given as a reason for non-enforcement of rights. Risks of subordination: In a democracy, the fundamental unit of the constitution is an individual. Equal focus on duties carries risk of individual subordination to collective will. Vague and Subjective Nature: Another issue is the vague nature of duties and its clash with certain religious principles. E.g., the noble ideals of our freedom struggle cover a wide diversity and at times conflicting interpretations with other principles.shine india monthly magazine  Way Forward To preserve human rights and dignity, a minimum balance alongside independent application should be maintained by- State accepting its primary responsibility for the promotion and protection of human rights irrespective of fulfillment of duties by citizens. Meeting the minimum core rights of each citizen such as the ESC right of individual to ensure an adequate standard of living before any duties. o Independent Human Rights Institutions for monitoring State institutions(police, judiciary or civil administration) on fulfillment of their obligations to protect human rights and prevent violations. Deepening the roots of democracy to address the fundamental issues of inequality, intolerance etc. based on caste, creed, religion, region etc. minimizing risks of subordination of rights and maximizing the possibility of fulfillment of duties. Creating a basic charter for people to cultivate constitutional morality and create responsible citizens. As Article 29 (1) of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights says, “Everyone has duties to the community in which alone the free and full development of his personality is possible” shine india monthly magazine telugu

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